← Back to Nitavera

Skincare ingredient glossary

Every entry below comes from the same database Nitavera's free product checker uses — 112 ingredient groups covering 300+ INCI label names. Plain English, no marketing: what each one does, which ones can clog pores or irritate reactive skin, and what to double-check during pregnancy.

Check a product against your skin — free →

Actives — the workhorses

Salicylic Acid

BHA exfoliant — unclogs pores. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: bha, betaine salicylate

Willow Bark

Natural salicin — mild BHA-like exfoliant. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: salix alba, salix

Sodium Salicylate

Salicylate — mild exfoliant. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: magnesium salicylate

Glycolic Acid

AHA exfoliant — smooths & brightens. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin.

Lactic Acid

Gentle AHA — exfoliates & hydrates.

Mandelic Acid

Mild AHA — good for sensitive/acne skin.

Retinol

Retinoid — anti-acne & anti-aging. Low comedogenic rating (1/5). Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin. Usually skipped during pregnancy — ask your OB-GYN.

On labels as: retinal, retinaldehyde, retinyl palmitate, hydroxypinacolone retinoate, retinoid

Adapalene

Prescription-grade retinoid for acne. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin. Usually skipped during pregnancy — ask your OB-GYN.

Benzoyl Peroxide

Kills acne bacteria. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

Azelaic Acid

Calms redness, fades marks, clears acne.

Niacinamide

Calms, controls oil, fades marks.

On labels as: nicotinamide

Vitamin C

Antioxidant — brightens & evens tone.

On labels as: ascorbic acid, ascorbyl glucoside, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ethyl ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Tranexamic Acid

Fades stubborn pigment & dark patches.

Alpha Arbutin

Gentle brightener for dark spots.

On labels as: alpha-arbutin, arbutin

Hydroquinone

Strong skin-lightener (use under guidance). Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin. Usually skipped during pregnancy — ask your OB-GYN.

Bakuchiol

Gentle plant-based retinol alternative. Low comedogenic rating (1/5). Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: psoralea corylifolia extract, babchi

Kojic Acid

Brightener — fades dark spots & evens tone. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: kojic dipalmitate

PHA

Gentle exfoliating acid — good for sensitive skin.

On labels as: gluconolactone, lactobionic acid, polyhydroxy acid, gluconic acid

Sulfur

Dries out spots & absorbs excess oil.

On labels as: sulphur, colloidal sulfur

Antioxidants & brighteners

Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

Antioxidant — protects & conditions.

On labels as: tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, vitamin e

Green Tea

Antioxidant & soothing.

On labels as: camellia sinensis

Sodium Metabisulfite

Antioxidant/preservative sulfite — possible allergen.

On labels as: sodium metabisulphite, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, potassium metabisulfite

Ferulic Acid

Antioxidant — boosts & stabilizes vitamin C.

Resveratrol

Antioxidant — defends against daily damage. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

Caffeine

Antioxidant — temporarily de-puffs & tightens look.

On labels as: coffea arabica seed extract, coffee seed extract

Licorice Root

Soothes redness & brightens uneven tone.

On labels as: licorice root extract, glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, dipotassium glycyrrhizate, glycyrrhiza inflata root extract, glycyrrhetinic acid, licorice extract

Propolis

Bee resin — soothing antioxidant (possible allergen). Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: propolis extract, bee propolis, propolis cera

Peptides

Peptides

Signal peptides — support firmness & bounce.

On labels as: palmitoyl tripeptide-1, palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, palmitoyl hexapeptide-12, matrixyl, palmitoyl oligopeptide

Copper Peptides

Copper signal peptide — firms & conditions. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: copper peptide, copper tripeptide-1, ghk-cu, copper tripeptide

Hydrators & humectants

Hyaluronic Acid

Humectant — pulls in water, plumps.

On labels as: sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid

Glycerin

Humectant — core hydrator.

On labels as: glycerol

Panthenol

Soothes & supports the barrier.

On labels as: pro-vitamin b5, provitamin b5

Urea

Hydrates & gently exfoliates.

Propylene Glycol

Humectant / solvent.

Caprylyl Glycol

Humectant & preservative-booster.

Butylene Glycol

Humectant / solvent.

On labels as: pentylene glycol, propanediol

Betaine

Humectant from beets.

Sodium PCA

Humectant — part of skin's NMF.

Aloe Vera

Soothing, hydrating botanical.

On labels as: aloe barbadensis

Snail Mucin

Hydrating filtrate — plumps & soothes. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: snail secretion filtrate, snail slime extract

Honey

Humectant — draws in & holds moisture.

On labels as: mel, honey extract

Polyglutamic Acid

Humectant — holds moisture at the surface.

On labels as: sodium polyglutamate, gamma-pga

Trehalose

Sugar humectant — guards against dehydration.

Beta-Glucan

Soothing hydrator from oats & yeast.

On labels as: beta glucan, sodium carboxymethyl beta-glucan

Ectoin

Moisture-binding protectant for stressed skin.

On labels as: ectoine

Zinc PCA

Zinc humectant — helps balance oily skin.

Barrier & soothing

Ceramides

Rebuilds the skin barrier.

On labels as: ceramide

Centella Asiatica

Soothes & supports healing.

On labels as: cica, madecassoside, asiaticoside

Allantoin

Soothing & calming.

Colloidal Oatmeal

Calms itch & irritation.

On labels as: avena sativa

Zinc Oxide

Mineral SPF / soothing. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

Bisabolol

Soothing (from chamomile).

Sunscreen (UV) filters

Titanium Dioxide

Mineral SPF. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

Avobenzone

Chemical filter — key UVA (long-wave) protector. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, bmdbm, parsol 1789

Octinoxate

Chemical UVB filter — hormone-debated. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octyl methoxycinnamate, emc

Oxybenzone

Chemical UV filter — most allergy-prone, hormone-debated. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: benzophenone-3, benzophenone 3, bp-3

Homosalate

Chemical UVB filter — EU-restricted, hormone-debated. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: homomenthyl salicylate

Octisalate

Chemical UVB filter — stabilizer (hormone-debated). Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: ethylhexyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate

Octocrylene

Chemical UV filter — stabilizer; benzophenone-debated. Low comedogenic rating (1/5). Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

Modern UV Filters (Tinosorb)

Modern UV filters — broad-spectrum, low-absorption.

On labels as: bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, bemotrizinol, tinosorb s, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, bisoctrizole, tinosorb m

Ensulizole

Water-soluble chemical UVB filter.

On labels as: phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, pbsa

Emollients, oils & occlusives

Squalane

Lightweight, non-clogging emollient. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: squalene

Dimethicone

Silicone — smooths & seals moisture. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: cyclopentasiloxane, cyclomethicone

Shea Butter

Rich emollient for dry skin. Low comedogenic rating (2/5).

On labels as: butyrospermum parkii

Petrolatum

Occlusive — locks in moisture. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: petroleum jelly, paraffinum liquidum, mineral oil

Coconut Oil

Rich oil — can clog acne-prone skin. Comedogenic rating 4/5.

On labels as: cocos nucifera

Cocoa Butter

Heavy butter — comedogenic. Comedogenic rating 4/5.

On labels as: theobroma cacao

Isopropyl Myristate

Texture agent — often pore-clogging. Comedogenic rating 4/5.

On labels as: isopropyl palmitate, myristyl myristate

Lanolin

Occlusive — comedogenic & a common allergen. Comedogenic rating 3/5.

Wheat Germ Oil

Heavy oil — highly comedogenic. Comedogenic rating 5/5.

On labels as: triticum vulgare

Jojoba Oil

Light oil — usually well tolerated. Low comedogenic rating (2/5).

On labels as: simmondsia chinensis, jojoba

Rosehip Oil

Light nourishing oil. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: rosa canina, rosehip

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Lightweight emollient. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: caprylic capric triglyceride

Cetearyl Alcohol

Fatty alcohol — softens & thickens (not drying). Low comedogenic rating (2/5).

On labels as: cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol

Glyceryl Stearate

Emulsifier & emollient. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: peg-100 stearate

Cetyl Esters

Emollient / texture. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: cetyl ethylhexanoate, ethylhexyl palmitate, c12-15 alkyl benzoate

Fatty Alcohols (myristyl, lauryl)

Fatty alcohols — moisturizing thickeners, NOT drying. Low comedogenic rating (2/5).

On labels as: myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, fatty alcohol

Argan Oil

Nourishing, non-clogging facial oil.

On labels as: argania spinosa kernel oil, argania spinosa

Sunflower Seed Oil

Light barrier-supporting oil (linoleic-rich).

On labels as: helianthus annuus seed oil, helianthus annuus, sunflower oil

Safflower Oil

Light non-clogging oil (linoleic-rich).

On labels as: safflower seed oil, carthamus tinctorius seed oil, carthamus tinctorius

Marula Oil

Rich oleic oil — can clog acne-prone skin. Comedogenic rating 3/5.

On labels as: sclerocarya birrea seed oil, sclerocarya birrea

Grapeseed Oil

Light linoleic-rich oil — suits oily skin. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: grape seed oil, vitis vinifera seed oil, vitis vinifera

Tamanu Oil

Nutty emollient oil — can clog congested skin. Low comedogenic rating (2/5).

On labels as: calophyllum inophyllum seed oil, calophyllum inophyllum, foraha oil

Fragrance, cleansers & surfactants

Fragrance

Scent — a top cause of irritation/allergy. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin.

On labels as: parfum, aroma

Essential Oils

Botanical scent — can irritate sensitive skin. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin. Pregnancy: check with your doctor first.

On labels as: essential oil, limonene, linalool, citral, geraniol, eugenol, citronellol, menthol, peppermint oil, lavender oil, tea tree, melaleuca

Denatured Alcohol

Drying solvent — harsh in high amounts. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin.

On labels as: alcohol denat, sd alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol

Witch Hazel

Astringent — can be drying/irritating.

On labels as: hamamelis

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Harsh cleansing surfactant. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin.

On labels as: sls

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Mild cleansing surfactant.

Sodium Laureth Sulfate

Foaming surfactant (milder than SLS).

On labels as: sles

Gentle Glucoside Cleanser

Gentle cleansing surfactant.

On labels as: coco-glucoside, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, sodium cocoyl isethionate

Bases, preservatives, colour & everything else

Algae Extract

Hydrating extract — can be comedogenic. Comedogenic rating 3/5.

Methylisothiazolinone

Preservative — common contact allergen. Can irritate sensitive or reactive skin.

On labels as: methylchloroisothiazolinone

Phenoxyethanol

Common gentle preservative.

Water

Base / solvent.

On labels as: aqua, eau

Ethylhexylglycerin

Skin-conditioning preservative-booster.

Sodium Benzoate

Gentle preservative.

Potassium Sorbate

Gentle preservative.

Benzyl Alcohol

Preservative / solvent (mild for most).

Xanthan Gum

Natural thickener.

Carbomer

Gel thickener.

On labels as: acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer

Citric Acid

pH adjuster (trace amount).

Sodium Hydroxide

pH adjuster (trace amount).

Disodium EDTA

Stabilizer / chelator.

On labels as: tetrasodium edta, edta

Silica

Mattifying texture agent.

Parabens

Well-studied preservatives — low irritation.

On labels as: methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, paraben

Polysorbates

Emulsifiers — blend oil and water. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, polysorbate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan isostearate

Clays

Absorbent clays — soak up oil, can be drying.

On labels as: kaolin, bentonite, montmorillonite, china clay, fuller's earth, clay

Talc

Mineral powder — absorbs oil, smooths texture. Low comedogenic rating (1/5).

On labels as: talcum

Mica

Mineral shimmer / colorant (inert).

On labels as: ci 77019, potassium aluminum silicate

Iron Oxides

Mineral color pigments (inert, non-reactive).

On labels as: iron oxide, ci 77491, ci 77492, ci 77499

Chlorphenesin

Preservative — gentle for most, rare allergen.

How to read this

"Comedogenic rating" (0–5) is a rough lab measure of pore-clogging potential — it matters most on breakout-prone skin and matters little on skin that never clogs. "Can irritate" means commonly reported irritation on sensitive or compromised skin, not that the ingredient is unsafe. Formulas, concentrations and your own skin all change the picture — that is exactly what the free checker weighs for your answers.

Cosmetic guidance, not medical advice. For anything painful, changing, or not improving in 8–12 weeks, see a dermatologist.

Nitavera · Privacy · Terms